Humanwildlife conflict is the conflict which occurs between the human being and the representatives of the wildlife. Human wildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such. Box 15 adverse effects of humanwildlife conflict on wildlife conservation. Longterm changes in climate exacerbate environmental degradation leading to. The major humanwildlife conflict types in kenya are crop raiding, attacks on humans, livestock depredation, and property damage. Most of the local communities see wildlife as a source of income having opportunities to sell their merchandise to the tourists and tourists attraction, very few really have the connection with the wildlife. In kenya, for instance, with much of the wildlife living outside protected areas, one of the real challenges to conservation is how to enhance. Pdf humanwildlife conflict hwc is a widespread and persistent challenge to conservation.
In most of the maasai lands in kenya, increasing humanwildlife conflicts threaten wildlife resources and conservation. These conflicts are typically most intense in human dominated systems where people, livestock and wildlife share the same landscapes and during severe droughts. Humanwildlife conflicts and their correlates in narok county, kenya. Transboundary protected area impacts on communities. The aim of humanwildlife conflict management is to by wildlife. In kenya, for instance, with much of the wildlife living. Community perception of the real impacts of humanwildlife conflict in laikipia, kenya. Invasive alien species declarations, management plans, permits, treatmentclearing. Human wildlife conflict in kenya, as can be concluded from the facts, arises from the opposing interests between human development and wildlife conservation. Conflicts between humans and wildlife have occurred since the dawn of humanity. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice.
Recently it has become a common phenomenon to hear of the escalated animalhuman conflict in kenya. Humanwildlife conflict on small, subsistence farms in kenya. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice in. It occurs when growing human populations overlap with established wildlife territory, creating competition for space and resources. Humanwildlife conflict hwc occurs when animals pose a direct and recurring threat to the livelihood or safety of people, leading to the persecution of that species.
It is undoubtedly evident that the expansion of the human society has forced people to. Transforming social conflict to create sustainable. Humanwildlife conflicts and their correlates in narok. To do critical study of humanwildlife conflict worldwide specifically in africa, asia, and europe 3. Impact of climate change on humanwildlife conflicts in. Indias road network is expanding at a monstrous scale due to the expanding economy and. International academic journal of arts and humanities. Retaliation against the species blamed often ensues, leading to conflict about what should be done to remedy the situation. This article explores the hidden costs of hwc on human wellbeing in northern kenya through a qualitative case study of laikipia county. Human wildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and humans, and the resultant negative impact on people, animals, resources, and habitats. Humanwildlife conflict has been in existence for as long as humans and wild animals have shared the same landscapes and resources see below. Human wildlife conflict in kenya has become a persistent problem for wildlife managers and conservationist in areas that border protected areas. Practical mitigation of human wildlife conflict is critical to the success of conservation in tsavo conservation area tca and wildlife conservation in kenya in general. Humanwildlife conflict hwc occurs when the needs of.
Dozens of mechanisms and strategies have been initiated in an effort to reduce and manage humanwildlife conflicts and provide longterm solution to the prevalent resource use. Human wildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard uncia uncia and the red colobus monkey procolocus kirkii. Wildlife authorities in kenya shoot between 50 and 120 problem elephants each year and dozens of elephants are poisoned each year in oil palm plantations in indonesia. Human wildlife conflict human wildlife conflict hwc is a significant and critical threat to conservation across the world nyhus et al. Dozens of mechanisms and strategies have been initiated in an effort to reduce and manage human wildlife conflicts and provide longterm solution to the prevalent resource use. To find out the reasons for humananimal conflict 2. International conference on humanwildlife conflict and. Climate change is expected to cause an increase in weatherrelated disasters and extreme weather events, such as droughts, heat waves, floods, desertification, and vectorborne infestations. Lessons learned from awfs african heartlands awf working papers, 2005 metcalfe, s. Conflict and conservation in masai mara, kenya was a three year research and training programme based in and around the masai mara national reserve, kenya. Community perception of the real impacts of humanwildlife.
Pdf characteristics of humanwildlife conflicts in kenya. Exploring the hidden costs of humanwildlife conflict in. Humanwildlife conflict does not occur only in africa. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science school of natural resources and environment at the university of michigan. Human wildlife conflict hwc has been highlighted as one of the key obstacles to linking conservation and poverty alleviation pclg 2010. Global perspectives on local efforts to address humanwildlife conflict combined vigorous debate on humanwildlife conflict issues with a technical focus on useful outputs for those working in the profession. Lessons from awfs african heartlands introduction in the developed world potentially dangerous megafauna have largely been exterminated as a result of the spread of agriculture, growth of human populations and. A guide to the wildlife act of kenya wcma 20 what to do if you are a victim of human wildlife conflict individuals can claim compensation from the county wildlife compensation committee for loss of life, injury or damage to property caused by a range of wildlife including snakes, elephants, buffalo, lions, leopards and crocodiles. Status of human wildlife conflict and effectiveness of remedial measures tsavo west national park, kenya. Examples of tsavo and maasai mara regions article pdf available september 2018 with 1,982 reads how we measure reads. Land use changes and humanwildlife conflicts in the amboseli. Dec 14, 2012 the workshop entitled creating coexistence between humans and wildlife. Nowadays human wildlife conflict exists in one form or another all over the world. T he creating coexistence workshop included approximately 30 practitioners and.
Humanwildlife conflicts hwc are often caused by human population increase, high livestock and wildlife population densities and changing land use and climate. Research proposal on human wildlife conflict az writing. Respondents supported agriculture expansion, which is regarded as more profitable than. This type of conflict has always existed in the natural environment, because it is obvious that animals of different species treat the human being as an opponent, threat or a target for hunting. Pdf humanwildlife conflict in mochongoi division, kenya. Such conflicts have negative impacts on the livelihoods of people, who often respond by killing wildlife involved in the conflict. Idrc digital library wildlife human conflict in kenya. Humanwildlife conflict in kenya, as can be concluded from the facts, arises from the opposing interests between human development and wildlife conservation. Human wildlife conflict in mochongoi division, kenya. As the global leader in conservation conflict transformation cct, the center for conservation peacebuilding leads, integrates, and empowers cct efforts in a variety of locations and at different scales of conflict. Root causes of human wildlife conflict in arabuko sosoke forest kenya the root causes of human wildlife conflict within the arabuko sosoke buffer zone are here under discussed. Their large body size means that they take relatively little notice of fences, whether they are designed to keep elephants in. Humanwildlife conflict hwc has been highlighted as one of the key obstacles to linking conservation and poverty alleviation pclg 2010.
Case study of three southern africa transboundary conservation initiatives. Human population growth and the resultant conflict with wildlife poses a formidable threat to africas vast wilderness areas. With increase in human and wildlife population over a period of time the boundaries have been overlapped resulting in the escalation of the problem. Humanwildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard uncia uncia and the red colobus monkey procolocus kirkii. Conflicts between people and wildlife currently rank amongst the main threats to conservation in africa. Root causes of humanwildlife conflict in arabuko sosoke forest kenya the root causes of humanwildlife conflict within the arabuko sosoke buffer zone are here under discussed. The aim of human wildlife conflict management is to by wildlife. Human wildlife conflicts in kenya essay 1503 words. Humanwildlife conflicts and compensation for losses in kenya. Practical mitigation of humanwildlife conflict is critical to the success of conservation in tsavo conservation area tca and wildlife conservation in kenya in general. Elephants, for example, the largest mammal to walk the earth, need to eat enough roots, grasses, fruit and bark to sustain their large bodies. Residents have taken stiff measures against the unlucky animals which cross their path by killing them. Humanwildlife conflict is most concentrated and impactful within agricultural regions where human population growth begins to encroach on animal territory.
Causes and mitigation measures in tsavo conservation area, kenya stanley m. Human wildlife conflict has been in existence for as long as humans and wild animals have shared the same landscapes and resources see below. Lessons learned from awfs african heartlands 1 page 2 page 3 page 3 page 8 page 9 page 9 page 11 page 11 table of contents introduction human wildlife conflicts in awf heartlands approaches to managing human wildlife conflicts winning hearts and minds the need for policy harmonization lessons learned and way forward. It happens when there is close interaction between wild animals and human beings, which leads to injury, death, predation and transmission of diseases. Factors influencing human wildlife conflict in communities. What research and extension could offer to conflict resolution shemwetta, d. A team of highly qualified, dedicated, passionate and innovative conservationists to meet environmental and wildlife needs.
More than 200 people were killed in kenya over the last seven years by elephants. Lessons learned from awfs african heartlands 2 human wildlife conflict. Originally known as the human wildlife conflict collaboration hwcc, the organization formed in 2006 based on recommendations. Nowadays humanwildlife conflict exists in one form or another all over the world. These conflicts range from crop raids, livestock predation, death and injury to both human and wildlife. The clash between animals and residents has left a noticeable dent in both our cultural and economic status.
Human wildlife conflict resilience fund project uganda. Humanwildlife conflicts hwc are often caused by human population increase, high livestock and. Enthusing local communities about conservation is such a crucial step. Humanwildlife conflict study abroad in zimbabwe edu africa. Climate change is a phenomenon that is already happening and in some areas of africa it is taking place at an alarming rate. In africa, these conflicts have become more frequent and severe over recent decades as a result of human population growth, extension of transport routes and expansion of agricultural and industrial activities which together have led to increased human encroachment on previously wild and uninhabited areas. The purpose of the human wildlife conflict hwc resilience fund is to enhance resilience to community losses from wildlife incursions through the development of local and regional compensation schemes as one of the incentive measures for community longterm engagement in. There exists the inevitable expansion in human settlements towards areas previously considered uninhabited. Pdf approaches to managing humanwildlife conflicts. Human wildlife conflicts hwc are often caused by human population increase, high livestock and wildlife population densities and changing land use and climate.
Impact of climate change on humanwildlife conflicts in east. It is imperative to note that there exists a set of global trends which contributes to the exacerbation of humanwildlife conflict. Human wildlife solutions specialists in wildlife management. In kenya, for instance, with much of the wildlife living outside protected areas, one of the real challenges to conservation is how to enhance and sustain coexistence between people and wild animals. These conflicts are typically most intense in humandominated systems where people, livestock and wildlife share the same landscapes and during severe droughts. Characteristics of humanwildlife conflicts in kenya.
Land use changes and humanwildlife conflicts in the. According to the world conservation union, it occurs when human populations overlap with wildlife requirements resulting in costs to both native residents and animals distefano 2004. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice in a wildlife rich region of kenya. Wildlifecampus human wildlife conflicts 5 human wildlife conflict resolution wildlifecampus consequences of control it is important then, when.
Humanwildlife conflict in africa food and agriculture organization. Humanwildlife conflicts and their correlates in narok county. Pdf conflicts between people and wildlife currently rank amongst the main threats to conservation in africa. This article explores the hidden costs of hwc on human wellbeing in northern kenya through a qualitative case study of. The kenya wildlife service kws, 1995 considers human wildlife conflicts to include the contentions relating to destruction, loss of life and property, and interference with rights of individuals or groups attributable directly or indirectly to wild animals. It was a collaborative programme between the university of kent, uk and six kenyan partner institutions.
Transforming social conflict to create sustainable solutions. Jun 06, 2019 the major human wildlife conflict types in kenya are crop raiding, attacks on humans, livestock depredation, and property damage. The world resources institute 1995 report revealed that the habitat loss in tanzania was a. The ability to understand the causes of humanwildlife conflict and its effects, and to deploy appropriate counter measures is vital to securing the future of this environment. Humanwildlife conflict in mochongoi division, kenya. Lessons from awfs african heartlands introduction in the developed world potentially dangerous megafauna have largely been exterminated as a result of the. Title elephanthuman wildlife conflict the elephant. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice in a wildliferich region of kenya. It is imperative to note that there exists a set of global trends which contributes to the exacerbation of human wildlife conflict. Humanwildlife conflict is a growing problem in kenya today, and it has a huge negative impact on both human and wildlife populations. Human wildlife conflict does not occur only in africa. Over the last 100 years, african elephant populations have declined from 35 million to 470,000690,000 and asian elephant populations have declined from 100,000 to between. Humanwildlife conflict hwc is often considered in terms of how the impact on humans can be mitigated, but in the context of the larger goal of meeting conservation goals.
Human wildlife conflicts are prevalent in africa where large. Pdf status of human wildlife conflict and effectiveness of. This article presents data from interviews of kuku group ranch residents, which were conducted to understand residents relationships with, and opinions of, wildlife and land use. The collaborative partnership on sustainable wildlife management cpw is a voluntary partnership of inter national. Pdf status of human wildlife conflict and effectiveness.
An assessment of the impact of land use changes on humanelephant conflict in laikipia west district, kenya mumu thomas waithaka bsc agric reg no. Originally known as the humanwildlife conflict collaboration hwcc, the organization formed in 2006 based on recommendations. Aug 12, 2014 human animal conflict in kenya recently it has become a common phenomenon to hear of the escalated animalhuman conflict in kenya. Their large body size means that they take relatively little notice of fences, whether they are designed to keep elephants in protected areas or out of crop fields. Humanwildlife conflicts in tanzania proceedings of the 1 st university wide conference, 5 th 7 april 2000. May 14, 2018 wildlife conservation awareness is not well known in kenya despite the country having most of its wildlife living within the community.
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